Non-viral Gene Therapy will now accelerate cancer study – Industry Reporter

Researchers at RMIT University have proved effective in laboratory tests and safer than standard viral approaches by developing a non-viral, bio-inspired gene delivery method.

Gene therapy, which is widely considered to be the next limit of cancer research, includes the addition of new genes to cells of a patient to replace missing or malfunctioning cells causing the illness.

Since cells do not use genes or any foreign DNA material naturally, therapeutic genes enter cells are the main challenge for gene therapy.

However, the risk of bringing a virus into the body has slowed progress from the laboratory to the clinic and only three FDA virus-based therapies have always been approved. Research focuses on the use of viral delivery technologies.

Although the non-viral techniques are safer and comparatively cheap, less than 0.25% of gene therapy studies focused on different outcomes.

Lead investigator Dr. Shukla said it will be the main move for gene therapies to be taken out of the lab and into clinics to deal with the gap in appropriate non-viral procedures.

With Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Shukla and his team are developing the new technique which can be used to store, separate, release or safeguard almost any biomolecule with extremely flexible and super-porous Nanos.

The study is endorsed by the CSIRO, which has established a technology to produce industrial-scale amounts of MOF. This technology is based on the Commonwealth.

MOFs have increasingly gained ground, and these newest findings show great potential in non-viral gene therapy, mostly for industrial or chemical purposes.

Researchers used a MOF subset known to convey the DNA into their cell, which was biocompatible and biodegradable.

The MOF-based therapy technique for the therapy of lung and breast cancer and other gender illnesses is efficient in prostate cancer cells.

Arpita Poddar, Ph.D. Researcher who has worked on the discovery with Shukla, said the results represent the first step towards opening up a study line that has been disregarded so far.

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Social Impact Heroes: How Lynn OConnor Vos and the Muscular Dystrophy Association are helping to raise billions of dollars to fund research to…

I get an early memory from my dad which I say to myself every dayYou cant park up front unless you drive there. The bottom line is, nothing ventured, nothing gained. Youve got to go for it. Urgency is also kind of in my DNA, which is important for MDA right now. As a CEO driving this organization, you need somebody with urgency because every day that goes by that we dont treat these patients, they lose muscle and we are on the hunt to make a difference for every one of these patients.

I had the pleasure to interview Lynn OConnor Vos, the President & CEO of the Muscular Dystrophy Association. Lynn brings broad leadership capacity to the Muscular Dystrophy Association. She held her CEO position at greyhealth (ghg) for nearly 23 years and is credited with creating, building and acquiring companiesspecifically, nine acquisitionsto grow ghgs global footprint. While at ghg, Vos led global expansion and diversification strategies and within two years, grew the company from a small, domestic professional player into an award-winning global enterprise with fully integrated, multi-channel offerings. She is a recognized thought leader in the industry with published white papers and articles outlining new, successful approaches to health care technology and communications.

Thank you so much for joining us Lynn! Can you tell us a story briefly about what brought you to this specific career path?

I spent my entire career in healthcare, starting out as a pediatric nurse at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. Ive always been extremely interested in improving patient outcomes and really making a big difference in healthcare and had a dual track in my career. I did a lot of board work at the nonprofit level, including with the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, where I helped Kathy Giusti for 10 years. I was also a founding member of the Jed Foundation and there, our mission was to prevent suicide in teens and young adults, so I have had a tremendous nonprofit run from a board perspective.

At the same time, I ran a global healthcare communication firm called greyhealth, which had a focus on the pharmaceutical industry and focused on my interest level, which is entrepreneurialism. I just love to identify opportunities, gaps and new programs; a great example is text4baby which is the largest mobile health program for mothers. Mothers can use the program to track their due date and the progress of their pregnancy. That was a very successful program.

Fast forward to todaythe MDA came by as an opportunity. The MDA has been funding over a billion dollars of research and today, we have breakthrough therapies on the market, gene replacement therapy for SMA and many disease modifying therapies in the pipeline. I saw this opportunity as a chance to transform the organization and move them in the direction of driving cures and hopefully eliminating neuromuscular diseases someday through all the research we support.

My job is the perfect combination of carebecause I was a nurseand driving research. Not to mention the fact that you cant run an organization this size unless you can bring great marketing to bear.

Can you share the most interesting story that happened to you since you began leading your company?

The MDA is privileged to have had a significant number of sponsors who have been with us for decades. I think one of the most interesting stories was with one of our largest partners, the International Association of Fire Fighters. Last year, the first year I was at MDA, was the 100-year anniversary of the IAFF and I had this amazing opportunity to go to their anniversary in Seattle. I have to say I was completely blown awaythere was a massive movie and diorama and a gorgeous depiction of what the last 100 years have looked like from the firefighters perspective and how many amazing and challenging situations they have addressed, including 9/11. I was absolutely proud and privileged to be in the company of the general president Harold Schaitberger and his entire constituents. So, you join a nonprofit organization expecting to be very engaged in the medical community and fundraisers as well, but at MDA, we are very lucky to have some of the highly respected individuals in America working for us to drive fundraising for children with neuromuscular diseases.

Can you share a story about the funniest mistake you made when you were first starting? Can you tell us about the lesson you learned from that?

When I joined MDA, we were at a pivotal point where we had to turn to really focus on driving care and better treatment for patients. There was a lot of transition in certain departments. I cant say this is a funny mistake, but its certainly something every leader knows. My tendency as an individual and leader is, I always get in there and I want to fix things quickly. I think leaders have to adjust to understand the level of change management that might be necessary to actually get to that new place. We probably made the right move, but we probably could have slowed down in certain areas because we all know that change happens slower than that.

Are there three things the community, society and politicians can do to help you address the root of the problem youre trying to solve?

Our problem is a health problem and because there were no treatments for so long, we werent really mobilized to handle that. We can make it easier for people with our diseases to acquire all the treatments and devices they need to live a very successful and productive life. And I think were going to be looking at that more closely. We know we are committed to innovations in care. And when you think about care, were thinking about that broadly, even with their retail experience. Can we make a better retail experience for these individuals? For example, can we deliver all of the products they need on a timely basis? Can we bring community together so that they get best practices and best ideas of how to live with their disease through digital platforms?

In terms of politicians, society and community, we can have a lot of community engagementour IAFF and Jiffy Lube partnerships are locally driven (view our MUSCLE UP Campaign with Jiffy Lube here). Our intention is to do much more at the local level to connect and bring best in class services to individuals who have these diseases. And we also are moving in the direction of really understanding how we can create greater access for the drugs that are coming out. Thats something MDA is going to be looking at in the next year or so to actually get those care centers and bring those drugs to patients when they need them.

I also think that one of the most exciting things that definitely relates to the politicians and society is newborn screening. The way newborn screening works in America is you only get screened for four conditions where there are treatments and were starting to see that there are treatments now coming to market. And what were doing at MDA is mobilizing the entire community along with our chairman, whos devoted his life to newborn screening, to get newborn screening implemented across America. Those decisions are made federally, and the HHS has approved two of these. The next level is to actually go out and lobby every state and make sure that they adopt this practice. And so, what we need help with is local and national politicians to lobby for us. On the local level, we need to make sure that every baby is screened for these matters. If theyre screened at birth, and they are identified right away, and they get a drug for replacement therapy, for example, or disease modern modifying therapy, they will, in some cases, be cured of the disease. Because every day that they dont get treated, another motor neuron dies. Its really urgent to get newborn screening done right away.

How do you define leadership? Can you explain what you mean or give an example?

I think the best leaders are really good listeners and that doesnt always come naturally with people who have strong leadership traits. Its something that I certainly work on every day. But a leaders job is to really set the course to make a bold move, identify where we should be going and then hire incredible peopleteam members who want to work together. Those are people that complement each other in terms of skills. They shouldnt be all the same mindset. It should be a diversified team in terms of skills and everything else coming together and really the leader needs to be open to all of their input to meet that bold move.

I would also say that when youre a leader in a situation where youre trying to do a transformation, which is what were doing, you have to be extremely concerned that youre reaching high enough. To me, that makes you think if your move is bold enough and rooted in reality. Secondly, you really need to make sure that people have the right skill set to make that bold move. And third, which is where I think a lot of transformations fail, is an exquisitely designed and implemented change management program. A great example of leadership is the CEO of Microsoft. You know when you read his book Refresh, he talks about the pivotal moment in his life when he had a son born with cerebral palsy. But the charter and the mission and the vision to address accessibility and technology in the way that Microsoft is going about it is just really impressive.

What are your five things you wish someone told you when you first started and why? Please share a story or example for each.

I hadnt really understood the power of MDAs research and care. This week, I got a call from the CEO from AskBio. He called specifically to tell me that MDA was the only funder out there in the early 2000s right after there had been some setbacks in gene therapy, and he was looking for funding for his research, and we were the one that gave him the funding and convinced them to start. He also articulated very clearly the effect of MDAs research dollars, the conviction that we had with him and the support we gave them. I wish I had known a little bit earlier on how spectacular the research program that MDA has committed to really is. We all need to understand how important nonprofits can be in transforming disease. And this is what MDA has done. I want more people to know the absolutely critical role MDA has played over the last 70 years in terms of bringing cures to markets. The other story I would say is, you know social impact is obviously so attractive to me and in fact to others. You want to make a big difference. You want to really transform the lives of individuals working with neuromuscular disease in this case. What you dont really understand when you jump into a job like this is the absolute enormous task of engaging with donors and driving fundraising. We have to fund every single piece of the mission and that is a very big challenge. Its also an opportunity. But it goes with the territory.

You are a person of enormous influence. If you could inspire a movement that would bring the most amount of good to the most amount of people, what would that be? You never know what your idea can trigger.

You look at all of the people that fundraised for us over the yearsthree hundred thousand firefighters, Harley Davidson, Jiffy Lube. We serve 250,000 patients and most of those people come to the MDA website to get information. Fifty thousand of those people go to MDAs clinics. Thousands of doctors are treating patients. We really believe at this point we need to create a movement. We are driving to bring to market, bring better care to our patients. And we want everyone out there to join us in this movement. And thats our big challenge going forward and a great opportunity in terms of marketing positioning. Were taking this brand that was known for Jerry Lewis. We now need to say, Join us again and help us to help others move again.

Can you please give us your favorite Life Lesson Quote? Can you share how that was relevant to you in your life?

I get an early memory from my dad which I say to myself every dayYou cant park up front unless you drive there. The bottom line is, nothing ventured, nothing gained. Youve got to go for it. Urgency is also kind of in my DNA, which is important for MDA right now. As a CEO driving this organization, you need somebody with urgency because every day that goes by that we dont treat these patients, they lose muscle and we are on the hunt to make a difference for every one of these patients.

Is there a person in the world or in the U.S. whom you would love to have a private breakfast or lunch with?

The CEO of Microsoft, because I find him to be an inspiring leader. What hes done at Microsoft is transformative. And the MDA is the right organization to partner with Microsoft because they want to make technology accessible for all. We service 250,000 people who want to work with technology. I think that our MOVR initiative is a great example of connecting all the care for patients that we can so that we can accelerate clinical trials and accelerate treatments to the right patient at the right time. And certainly, Microsoft is in that area of big data and A.I. The other thing thats really fun and something that weve done with Microsoft is that they have the adaptive controller that they launched last year at the Super Bowl. And weve done some really great gaming events at MDA Lets Play. Id love to talk to him about it because I think what Microsoft is doing is really impacting in a very positive way the children with neuromuscular disease and we just want to do more together. Hes also just an impeccable leader. Id love to learn from him.

Please visit MDA.org to learn more about MDA.

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Pollard and Norris in the race for Pos. 2 of the Public Hospital District 4 – Snoqualmie Valley Record

Dariel Norris and Gene Pollard are competing for Position 2 of the King County Hospital District No. 4. The district comprises the cities of Snoqualmie, North Bend and Carnation, as well as unincorporated and rural areas nearby.

Norris has a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Washington and has the occupations of hospital registered nurse and small business owner. She has also served on the King County Parks Levy review board and the Snoqualmie Valley Community Network board.

Pollard has degrees from the University of California, Riverside and Occidental College. He also attended the Naval War College where he earned a diploma. Pollard is a retired foreign service officer, Navy commander, according to his candidate statement on the King County Auditors Office website.

Biggest health care problem facing Snoqualmie/the health care district?

Norris: I would say the ability to meet the specific health care needs of the local community. The 2016 Community Health Data Report identified the following issues for the Hospital district: access, cancer, heart and lung disease, mental health, smoking, substance abuse, diabetes, homelessness for adults and youth, all with serious health consequences.

Pollard: The major problem facing the district is the long-term indebtedness of $100 million, the greatest of any comparable hospital in the U.S. This didnt just happen overnight; it took years to accumulate. I attribute this to poor financial planning and incompetent policy making, especially by the hospital boards finance committee headed up by commissioners David Speikers and Dariel Norris. Committee meetings were briefly open to other commissioners and the public under former superintendent Tom Parker, who left a year ago to take a position with Mammoth Hospital in California. But now the committee has decided to again close its meetings, so financial decisions come to the board for rubber-stamping without dissenting opinion or transparent discussion.

How do we address this problem?

Norris: At present, the hospital district hasnt been able to reach out to the local community with supporting programs that aggressively address the above issues. Many who live in the district dont realize the hospital has clinics, physical therapy or an infusion program. Lab services as well as endoscopy and colonoscopies are available. We have an X-ray department with not only an Xx-ray machine but also MRI and CAT scan machines. In addition, we also have an infusion program. Even if your primary doctor isnt part of the Snoqualmie system, you can still have your test done close to home and have the results sent to your primary doctor. I believe the district needs to aggressively reach out to our local community, find ways to let them know what we have to offer. I would like to see programs such as nutrition classes from a dietitian or exercise classes from the physical therapy department. I would like the district to have support groups for those caring for family members with Alzheimers or dementia. I think day surgery and particularly orthopedics would be an asset for the community. Snoqualmie Valley Hospital has significant strengths. I sit on the quality committee. We get data that compares us with other local facilities. Based on the data we consistently do very well. If there is an issue, the staff addresses it immediately.

Pollard: Any organization $100 million in debt is in trouble by definition, especially where public money is involved. Whats needed is change change at the top in the finance committee, and in the position of the interim superintendent. The district needs to do a national search to identify a superintendent with prior success in hospital leadership, preferably including experience restoring financially-troubled hospitals. The district also needs greater transparency and accountability in district operations. For example, the proposal for a new hospital was pitched to the community on the basis that the old hospital would be sold for $30 million to the Snoqualmie Tribe and a new hospital would cost $38.6 million. That sounded reasonable, but then the district failed to demand payment when due. With $28.5 million still owed, the district discounted the sale price by half, thereby losing about $10 14 million. I voted against the discounting. Ive often been criticized for my No votes, but the fact is that if other commissioners had voted the way I have during my tenure, there would be no $100 million debt. Equally important to the success of this or any hospital is its communication with the public. The district is deficient. In fact, a local newspaper gave the hospital the grade of F in communicating with the public. Public information and advice on health issues have been missing, especially regarding preventative health. The public is uninformed about whats going at the hospital. They dont attend board meetings, held in the hospital basement, and there is essentially no media coverage. Importantly, the district needs to complete the Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) required by the Affordable Care Act and also by the IRS to justify the hospitals tax-exempt status. This is required every three years and must follow specific instructions. The districts 2016 CHNA was a quick and dirty copy of Overlake data and did not comply with the instructions. The 2019 CHNA is becoming overdue, which means the district will be out of compliance. An updated CHNA would assist the district in choosing and budgeting for health care priorities that would benefit the community.

In which direction do you foresee health care in the city/district moving?

Norris: Health care, in Snoqualmie and throughout the country, is struggling with payer models as well as a physician shortage which is growing daily. To meet the needs of Snoqualmie, we need to provide additional services. Services for the very young to the very old and everyone in between. The services need to be close to home and readily available.

Pollard: Because of the indebtedness, the district is now desperately seeking an affiliation, currently with Overlake Medical Center of Bellevue. Overlake is considering a short-term lease arrangement, perhaps five to seven years, which I dont consider viable. More importantly, I dont find Overlake to be a suitable partner. This is based on evaluations by national rating organizations, which dont list Overlake among the top six hospitals in the Puget Sound area. Its also based on my own experience as a patient at Overlake. The district has made many mistakes over the years (witness the debt). I feel that any decision to affiliate with Overlake, whereby this private hospital would take over all hospital operations, would be a historic mistake. It should be noted that Overlake would not bring one dime to the partnership, in contrast to the merger that occurred between Swedish Medical Center and Stevens Hospital in Edmunds. The Everett Herald reported that Swedish planned to invest as much as $90 million in that partnership over 10 years. In contrast, Snoqualmie would receive no funds from Overlake that might be used to help offset its long-term debt.

What are your budget priorities?

Norris: I was appointed to the finance committee six years ago. I was shocked to see some of the unnecessary extravagant expenditures. This is no longer the case. We have streamlined the executive staff. We have continued to budget with priorities in mind to reduce the debt while meeting the health care needs of the community. The present hospital was built with revenue bonds, not tax-backed dollars. The revenue bonds require a sizeable amount of cash on hand. Which we continue to maintain. The finance director suggested we invest those funds instead of letting them sit in the bank at a low interest rate. After a presentation, the chair of the finance committee, made a recommendation to invest those dollars. I believe this to be one of the most responsible choices and decisions the board of commissioners has made. We have also benchmarked as a way of discovering what is the best performance being achieved. This information can be used to identify gaps in an organizations processes in order to achieve a competitive advantage.

Pollard: My budget priority is to focus on austerity throughout the district. This includes looking at every position to make sure its really needed and properly compensated. I believe that some remain only because of the cronyism of prior administrations. A properly qualified new superintendent would be able to tighten things up and ensure the effective and economical operation of the district. Snoqualmie Valley Hospital and the Ridge Clinic belong to the taxpayers and residents of the district, not to hospital administrators or to the personal agendas of commissioners. Everyone associated with hospital governance and operations must remember they have a sacred trust to be good stewards of public funds.

Gene Pollard

Gene Pollard

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Pollard and Norris in the race for Pos. 2 of the Public Hospital District 4 - Snoqualmie Valley Record

Nearly Half of Poland’s SMA Patients on Track to Get Spinraza, Experts Say – SMA News Today

Poland is rolling out Biogensspinal muscular atrophy (SMA) therapy Spinraza (nusinersen) at a faster pace than any country that has approved it, Polish experts say.

Since the first injection in May 2019, about 400 of the 830 patients in Polands SMA registry have either started taking Spinraza or been put on a waiting list to obtain it, according to Kacper Rucinski, president of Warsaw-basedFundacja SMA. A commission of top neurologists is steadily adding patients to the list after determining that they qualify for National Health Service coverage of the treatment.

Longtime SMA expert Anna Lusakowska, a doctor at the Warsaw Medical University Neurology Clinic, predicted that Polish patients who want Spinraza will eventually get the medicine.

However, not all 830 will opt for it, said Rucinski, who along with Lusakowska spoke with SMA News Today by phone. Some patients with the muscle-wasting disease are receiving Roches risdiplam or Novartis branaplam in clinical trials. They would likely stay with their current treatments once those two medications are approved by the Health Ministry and covered by the national health insurance program.

Spinraza is very expensive; both risdiplam and branaplam also will be, upon approval. The U.S. retail price of Spinraza is $750,000 for the first year and $375,000 in subsequent years, although Poland, like all members of the European Union, negotiated its own price with Biogen.

Spinraza first became available in 2017 to a few dozen Polish patients under Biogens expanded-access program. In December 2018 18 months after Spinraza received European Union approval Poland authorized its National Health Service to pay for it.

Hospitals in three of Polands 16 regions spearheaded Spinraza treatment in 2017. Lusakowskas hospital, in the Masovia region which includes Warsaw joined them last year.

Not only did most of the regions outside Warsaw have no experience with Spinraza; they had never even treated SMA patients before, said Lusakowska, who started Polands SMA registry in 2010.

About 120 of Polands SMA patients live in the Warsaw area. As a result, the neurology programs at Warsaw Medical University and Childrens Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw became leaders in treating the disease decades ago.

After the national health insurance program began covering Spinraza, Lusakowskas neurology department decided to administer the medicine to as many people with SMA as possible. Thats led to long hours for staffers, but also has allowed Lusakowskas team to develop a level of expertise solid enough to share with inexperienced practitioners in other regions.

Patients with severe curvature of the spine are a special challenge, even if they have had previous surgery to correct their scoliosis, she said.Radiologists at Lusakowskas clinic use a computerized tomography (CT) scanner to administer injections to individuals with badly curved spines. The scanner shows the best locations for injecting those with scoliosis.

Four months after Polands first non-early-access injection, all regions are offering Spinraza, although it hasnt been easy, Lusakowska said. The surge in Spinraza patients since May has overwhelmed neurological clinics, which in addition to SMA deal with strokes, epilepsy and many other nerve-related conditions.

Lusakowska began her neurology career as an SMA specialist in the mid-1990s, just asscientists were discovering the cause of SMA defects in the SMN1 gene.She and other SMA specialists hoped researchers would develop a therapy quickly.

I worked with SMA patients for 30 years before a treatment came, Lusakowska said. Its really wonderful that I can finally do something for them.

The first Spinraza injection is emotional for patient, family and doctor alike, she said.

Usually the patient cries, the mother cries they have been waiting such a long time for this, she said.

Lusakowska said she can deal with the expressions of joy, even if they include tears. Its harder when the emotion is the anguish of patients calling to complain that they have had to wait such a long time for Spinraza but are still not receiving it, she said.

Like most countries, Poland prioritizes Spinrazas roll-out by age and disease severity. Children younger than 3 years old withSMA type 1 the worst form of the disease get top priority because research has shown they can benefit the most.

Adults with advanced stages of SMA are believed to gain less from treatment, though the main focus of Lusakowskas clinic is adults. She and her colleagues are administering Spinraza to 35 people in their 20s and older with different types of SMA, and expect to treat 70 eventually.

The 35 include seven type 1 patients. Six began taking Spinraza in Belgium under the expanded-access program, but returned to Poland after the National Health Service agreed to cover the treatment costs. The clinic also treats several children above the age of 3.

Lusakowska said Spinraza benefits all her SMA patients. Some improvements are obvious to doctors, while others are not but patients say it is helping them. Within a year, her clinic will have enough month-to-month, muscle-strength comparison data for a scientific assessment of Spinrazas effectiveness.

Some improvements have been amazing, Lusakowska said. That is the case, for example, with a 4-year-old Polish girl with SMA type 2 who began taking Spinraza in France when she was a few months old. Doctors had diagnosed her SMA in the womb after her older brother developed type 2. He also receives Spinraza.

Her brother is improving all the time with Spinraza, Lusakowska said. He is not walking, but he is much stronger. But his sister, who began receiving Spinraza when she was 3 months old, is walking, jumping, dancing shes a normal girl.

Another heartening sign is that, thanks to Spinraza, some patients who had been on detachable ventilation devices 16 hours a day have been able to reduce that to 10 hours a day.

Similarly, some patients say their voices are becoming much stronger as Spinraza strengthens their larynx muscles, Lusakowska said.

She praised the Health Ministry for deciding to cover all SMA patients who want Spinraza, rather than restricting it only to those in certain categories.

We dont have to turn anyone away, she said. We can tell all our patients that maybe not this month, but next month, we can treat you.

Hal Foster is a veteran journalist at the Los Angeles Times and other news organizations in the United States and Japan, and a longtime journalism professor.In addition to the LA Times, he worked at the Portland Oregonian and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, was executive editor of Pacific Stars & Stripes in Tokyo, and wrote about the war in Ukraine for USA Today.He has a Ph.D. in journalism from the University of North Carolina, and has taught in the United States, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, where he was a Fulbright scholar.

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Ana holds a PhD in Immunology from the University of Lisbon and worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM) in Lisbon, Portugal. She graduated with a BSc in Genetics from the University of Newcastle and received a Masters in Biomolecular Archaeology from the University of Manchester, England. After leaving the lab to pursue a career in Science Communication, she served as the Director of Science Communication at iMM.

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Nearly Half of Poland's SMA Patients on Track to Get Spinraza, Experts Say - SMA News Today

Prospective Study Characterizes PCa Risk Linked to BRCA1, BRCA2 Mutations – Renal and Urology News

Fordecades, it has been known that the mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with high risks of breast and ovarian cancer,but a new prospective cohort study provides the strongest evidence to date thatthese mutations are associated with the development of prostate cancer (PCa).

TheBRCA2 mutation appears to be morestrongly associated with PCa development than the BRCA1 mutation. In addition, the increased risk of PCa varies byfamily history of the malignancy and the location of the mutation within thegenes.

Ourstudy is unique in that we have recruited healthy men across the UK and Irelandwho have hereditary BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, and then followed themprospectively for up to 17 years to see if they would develop prostate cancer,said corresponding author Tommy Nyberg, a PhD candidate at the Centre forCancer Genetic Epidemiology at the University of Cambridge in the UK.

Thestudy, which was published in EuropeanUrology, included 376 male BRCA1 mutationcarriers and 447 male BRCA2 mutation carrierswho were identified in clinical genetics centers in the United Kingdom and Ireland.Of these, 16 BRCA1 and 26 BRCA2carriers were diagnosed with PCa during follow-up. Nyberg and his colleagues foundthat the risk of PCa is more strongly influenced by BRCA2 than BRCA1 mutations.The BRCA2 mutation is associated witha nearly 4.5-fold increased risk of PCa, whereas the BRCA1 mutation is associated with an approximately 2.4-foldincreased risk. This translates into estimated absolute lifetime risks fordeveloping prostate cancer of 60% for BRCA2and 29% for BRCA1 mutation carriers.We also found an association with more aggressive prostate cancer for men with BRCA2, but not BRCA1 mutations, Nyberg told Renal& Urology News.

Forthe men with BRCA1/2 mutations, therisk was greater for those from families where several family members had beendiagnosed with PCa than for those without such a family history. This probablyreflects the complex genetic landscape of prostate cancer susceptibility, withseveral genetic variants besides BRCA1/2mutations being known to influence the risk, Nyberg said.

Amongcarriers of the BRCA2 mutation, therisk of PCa increased nearly 1.7-fold with each relative diagnosed with PCa.Compared with the general population, BRCA2mutations in the so-called ovarian cancer cluster region (bounded by positionsc.2831 and c.6401) were associated with a nearly 2.5-fold higher incidence ofPCa, a lower risk increase than for mutations elsewhere in the BRCA2 gene. BRCA2 mutations outside this region were associated with a 5.9-foldrelative risk of PCa. Additionally, the BRCA2mutation was associated with a 5-fold increased incidence of Gleason score 7PCa and 3-fold increased incidence of Gleason 6 or less PCa. The mutation alsowas associated with almost 3.9-fold increased incidence of PCa mortality.

Isee the primary clinical application of our research as facilitating geneticcounseling and the early detection of prostate cancer, Nyberg said. Men whoare discovered to carry a hereditary BRCA2mutation, even if currently healthy, are at considerable risk of developingprostate cancer during their lifetime. A greater understanding of genetic riskvariants is continuously occurring, and consequently genetic counseling forprostate cancer is getting more and more accurate.

AnthonyV. DAmico, MD, PhD, Chief of the Division of Genitourinary Radiation Oncologyat Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Professor of Radiation Oncology at HarvardMedical School in Boston said drugs already are available that target BRCA2 mutations. Studies are needed inmen who harbor BRCA mutations to investigate whether these drugs such as PARPinhibitors and platnium based chemotherapy can reduce the risk of metastasisand death from prostate cancer, Dr DAmico said.

Moreover,the new findings support recommendations that men with a significant familyhistory for PCa, especially those with multiple first-degree relatives with PCa,undergo genetic testing for the BRCA2mutation and then to be seen by a genetics counselor to be considered for screening at an earlier age than recommendedin standard guidelines.

Themajor implication here is that men with BRCA2in particular are at a significantly increased risk of developing clinicallymeaningful prostate cancer, and this risk might be influenced by factors suchas family history and the type of mutation that is inherited, said Amar U.Kishan, MD, Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology at the David GeffenSchool of Medicine of UCLA.

Althoughthe therapeutic implications of the new findings are unclear, it istheoretically possible that men with mutations in DNA repair genes may derivebenefit from drugs such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, butthe data to support such a strategy are limited to patients with advanced,metastatic castration-resistant PCa. In this setting, olaparib and rucaparibare approved for men with BRCA1/2mutant-tumors, though these mutations can be either inherited or restricted tothe tumor, Dr Kishan said. Whether men with an inherited BRCA2 mutation, whodevelop an aggressive but early stage prostate cancer, would benefit from thistype of therapy, in combination with surgery or radiotherapy, is not known.Several studies are investigating this concept.

ToddMorgan, MD, Associate Professor of Urology and Chief of the Division ofUrologic Oncology at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, said the new studyadds important data to help guide patient counseling and may allow for improvedearly detection strategies in men with BRCA1/2 mutations. At his institution, DrMorgan and his colleagues have implemented an early detection clinic for menwith BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, which is modeled after similar clinics for femalecarriers of these mutations (https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/cancer-genetics/prostate-cancer-risk-clinic).

Medicaloncologist David Wise, MD, PhD of NYU Langone Health in New York, said the newfindings may change the conversation for men carrying the BRCA2 germline mutation. Based on this study and others, newguidelines are needed to personalize prostate cancer screening for men carryingthe BRCA2 germline mutation. Clinicaltrials testing PARP inhibitors, already FDA approved for ovarian and breastcancer, are ongoing in BRCA2-associatedprostate cancer. Based on promising data from these clinical trials, the FDAhas granted breakthrough therapy status for two PARP inhibitors, rucaparib andolaparib, for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer, Dr Wise said.

Reference

NybergT, Frost D, Barrowdale D, et al. Prostate cancer risks for male BRCA1 andBRCA2 mutation carriers: A prospective cohort study [published online September5, 2019]. Eur Urol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2019.08.025

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Prospective Study Characterizes PCa Risk Linked to BRCA1, BRCA2 Mutations - Renal and Urology News

Precision Cancer Therapies Market Forecast Research Reports Offers Key Insights 2017 2025 – Space Market Research

Precision medicine (PM) can be defined as predictive, personalized, and preventive healthcare services delivery model. Precision cancer therapies is an additional option for patients suffering from cancer however it cannot completely replace the existing cancer treatments. Currently, researchers are making progress in the field of precision cancer therapies however many new and innovative drugs are currently in clinical trials. Precision cancer therapies include drugs or other substances which block the growth of cancer. Precision cancer therapies are also termed as molecular targeted therapy, or targeted molecular therapies, and precision medicines. Researchers are involved in developing anticancer drug developments via precision cancer therapies.

Precision Cancer Therapies Market: Segmentation

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Precision cancer therapies market can be segmented on the basis of the type of therapies, end users, and regions: Hormone Therapy Immunotherapies Targeted Therapy Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Gene Therapy

Precision cancer therapies market can be segmented on the basis of different end users in the market: Hospitals Diagnostic Centers Oncology Clinics Research Institutes

Precision Cancer Therapies Market: Dynamics

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Precision cancer therapies market is primarily driven by a few key factors such as the increasing prevalence of cancers, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma and other types of cancers. The market is likely to grow owing to the increasing awareness regarding molecular diagnostic techniques which is expected to fuel the growth of precision cancer therapies market. The rising insurance coverage and growing healthcare expenditure by the government are among the factors which would aid the growth of precision cancer therapies market over the forecast years.

Precision cancer therapies market, however, faces various challenges such as the high cost of new and innovative therapies which prevent the wide prevention of these diseases. Precision cancer therapies market has various drugs which are still in various stages of clinical trials which refrain the products from the market. Precision cancer therapies market faces tremendous challenges due to the low awareness regarding the new diagnosis and treatment measures. Low-income countries and rising economies are coming forward to address such issues for precision cancer therapies market.

Precision Cancer Therapies Market: Region-wise Outlook

Based on geography, the precision cancer therapies market can be segmented into five major regions: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa. At present, North America holds a leading position in the precision cancer therapies market due to the increasing incidence of cancer in the region which is followed by Europe. The major driving factors which have driven the growth of the precision cancer therapies market in this region is constant support of healthcare organizations in the development of new treatment methods, technological advancement in finding innovative treatment measures, and a rise in funding in public and private sector. Following North America, European countries are also anticipated to show steady growth in the precision cancer therapies market. Asia Pacific is expected to grow at the fastest CAGR because of increasing prevalence of different types of cancers in the region, thus boosting the market growth of precision cancer therapies market throughout the forecast period. The factors which would fuel the growth of precision cancer therapies market in Asia-Pacific are various multinational companies are setting up their operations in this region and aiming to gain huge revenue share from emerging countries, rising healthcare concerns, and improving healthcare scenario of the region. Precision cancer therapies market would evolve at a rapid rate across the regions. However, North America would maintain its position in the precision cancer therapies market, though, we are anticipating emerging economies such India, China, Brazil, Russia to have the highest growth in precision cancer therapies market.

Precision Cancer Therapies Market: Key Players

Precision cancer therapies market holds a huge number of players operating in the segment for years with expertise and experience. Various multinational companies are involved in the manufacturing of products which are utilized in the treatment of cancer. Such companies are Abbott Laboratories, Bayer HealthCare AG, GlaxoSmithKline plc, OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Hospira Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, AstraZeneca, Aveo Pharmaceuticals among others. Precision cancer therapies market has the presence of many regional players which have a huge market share in the emerging countries.

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Precision Cancer Therapies Market Forecast Research Reports Offers Key Insights 2017 2025 - Space Market Research

Google bans ads for ‘bad actors’ selling ‘deceptive treatments’ – BioEdge

Tech giant Google will ban advertisements for experimental medical treatments on its platforms, announcing in a blog post it has seen an increase in bad actors attempting to take advantage of individuals by offering untested, deceptive treatments.

Google will still allow companies doing genuine biomedical research to advertise for clinical trials, but its new policy prohibits advertising for unproven or experimental medical techniques. This includes most stem cell therapy, cellular (non-stem) therapy, and gene therapy.

The Washington Post reported that the changes come as stem cell clinics have grown into a sprawling direct-to-consumer industry. Some clinics have been claiming to be able to help patients with various ailments, including multiple sclerosis and degenerative lung diseases. A ground-breaking case in June saw a victorious lawsuit by the Food and Drug Administration against a Florida company, US Stem Cell, which has reportedly blinded at least four patients after injecting its treatment into their eyes.

The Google policy changes have been welcomed by professional medical associations, including the International Society for Stem Cell Research and Stem Cells (ISSCR) in Australia. ISSCR president Deepak Srivastava remarked in a statement that:

While stem cells have great potential to help us understand and treat a wide range of diseases, most stem cell interventions remain experimental and should only be offered to patients through well-regulated clinical trials.

The full Google healthcare and medicines policy can be accessed online.

Nic Zumaran writes from Sydney.

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Google bans ads for 'bad actors' selling 'deceptive treatments' - BioEdge

Texas State To Expand Round Rock Campus Programs, Services – Round Rock, TX Patch

ROUND ROCK, TX Texas State University is expanding services and academic programs on the Round Rock campus, school officials announced.

The aim is to bolster the university's mission to serve as a hub of health professions research and education and meet the workforce needs of Texas, officials wrote on their website. The news comes after a Sept. 4 welcome event on the Round Rock campus for faculty, staff and students that included a reception; activities hosted by student organizations and university departments; a meet and greet with Bobcat cheerleaders and Texas State mascot Boko; and an address by Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs Gene Bourgeois.

During his address, Bourgeois began his address thanking students, faculty, and staff for their hard work and dedication on the growing Round Rock campus, before providing various university updates and announcements. The provost outlined the breadth of the expansion plans.

"We are speeding up a transition to move the dean's office; the Department of Health Information Management; and the Radiation Therapy program to Round Rock," Bourgeois said. "To accommodate this move and the additional 150 students it will bring to this campus, we are exploring renovations here in the Avery Building and small renovations in the Nursing Building. The goal is to move these three units to Round Rock by fall of 2021."

Enhancing Services and Amenities

Bourgeois recapped recent facilities upgrades, including renovations in the Avery Building for IT and the Student Affairs Division, upgrades to the Testing Center, and new food service options. He went on to share upcoming construction, programs and services:

Community Impact

Bourgeois shared testimonials about how the health professions programs and clinics on the campus are "changing the lives of patients in need of critical health care" while giving students "one-of-a-kind, hands-on learning opportunities" designed to prepare them for careers.

"A recently widowed patient who participated in the Restoration of Speech and Voice in Parkinsons program was able to improve her voice enough to talk and make friends in her new senior living facility for the first time," Bourgeois noted.

The Texas State Sleep Center has served more than 300 patients with diagnostics and treatment of sleep disorders since moving to the Round Rock Campus, the provost noted. The physical therapy clinic had in excess of 1,300 visits in its first year.

Research with Relevance

The provost told those gathered the research conducted at the campus has the potential to help address some of the greatest challenges in education and healthcare. To that end, Bourgeois ticked off the universities resource:

Strategic Planning

Two of the university's academic programs launching this fall will offer classes on the Round Rock Campus: are a bachelor's in health sciences and the master's in data analytics and information systems, the provost noted.

"Strategic planning for the Round Rock Campus will be an important part of updating the University Plan," Bourgeois said. "We are working to innovate in the delivery of our academic programming, to meet the needs of our students. The deans are investigating the possibility of delivering more of Round Rock's degree programs in a hybrid form combining in-class and online instruction."

Leadership Structure

"We updated the leadership structure of the Round Rock Campus, following the retirement of Dr. Edna Rehbein in July," the provost told the gathering. "Dr. Rehbein was a great asset to this university and this campus, and I applaud her many years of service to Texas State. She played a vital role in the evolution of this campus. I am pleased that Dr. Mary Ellen Cavitt agreed to serve as the interim Assistant Vice President for Academic Affairs for the Round Rock Campus."

Dr. Mary Ellen Cavitt now leads a new Executive Leadership Team, which includes representatives from each of the university's divisions: Eli Soto from Information Technology; LaTonya Henry from Student Affairs; Yvonne Rhodes from University Advancement; and Joel Soto from Finance and Support Services. They will work together to address issues, coordinate activities and share information across divisions to enhance Round Rock operations.

Open Forums

President Trauth and the President's Cabinet will be on the Round Rock campus at least once a month to meet with faculty, staff, and students, Bourgeois said. In addition, the vice presidents will each host an Open Forum to provide information from their respective divisions and take questions. The sessions to be live-streamed and archived will feature.

President Voices Support

Texas State President Denise Trauth wrote about the lure of the university's health care offerings and its appeal among working adults in an Aug. 12 university-wide email:

"As I have said on many occasions, I believe that the Round Rock Campus is a focal point for many of our academic programs that appeal to working adults as well as our programs in the health professions," Trauth wrote. "The President's Cabinet and I are committed to supporting all students, faculty, and staff on the Round Rock Campus, as they are an extremely important part of Texas State."

In her annual convocation address to faculty and staff on Aug. 20, Trauth spoke about the university's role in the community: "Our students, faculty, and staff on the Round Rock Campus are an integral part of the Bobcat community. As we update the University Plan, strategic planning for the Round Rock Campus will be an important part of the process."

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Texas State To Expand Round Rock Campus Programs, Services - Round Rock, TX Patch

Transfusion-dependent Anemia Treatment Market Size, Status and Growth Opportunities by 2025 – The Market Plan

Treating the patients with transfusion-dependent anemia is complicated. The diagnosis of transfusion-dependent anemia is often difficult as numerous disorders might lead to transfusion-dependent anemia that includes bone marrow failure syndromes, inherited hemolytic anemias or congenital dyserythropoietic anemias. Though severe anemia leads to symptoms of reduced quality of life and fatigue, transfusion-dependent anemia upsurges the risk of organ complications caused by iron overload. It may also leads to an increased risk of the leukemia transformation. While recommending the primary therapy for treatment of transfusion-dependent anemia, the four response determinants that should be considered includes: age, endogenous erythropoietin production, karyotype and RBC transfusion burden along with duration. Majority of patients develop the transfusion-dependent anemia over their course of the disease. However, adverse effect on the natural course of transfusion-dependent anemia has merely recently appreciated. As per a study conducted by World Health Organization, about 15% of the anemic cancer patients are treated via RBC transfusions. Unfortunately, treatment of chronic anemia with recurrent transfusions is done followed with associated hazards.

The increasing FDA approval for drugs that effectively treats transfusion-dependent anemia across the globe is expected to drive revenue growth in the transfusion-dependent anemia treatment over the forecast years. The higher incidence of anemia along with other infections in transfusion-dependent patients is further expected to drive the need for transfusion-dependent anemia treatment therapies. The growing commercialization of transfusion-dependent anemia treatment therapies such as allogeneic stem cell therapy would cater revenue opportunities in global transfusion-dependent anemia treatment market. However, increase in mortality rate for the patients suffering with transfusion-dependent anemia owing to high costs of the treatment therapies is anticipated to restrain the growth of transfusion-dependent anemia treatment market.

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The global transfusion-dependent anemia treatment market is segmented on basis of treatment type, distribution channel and geographic region:

Segmentation by Treatment Type Therapeutic Drugs Erythroid-Stimulating Agents (ESAs) Immunomodulatory Drugs Hypomethylating Drugs Others Allogeneic Stem Cell Therapy Gene Therapy

Segmentation by Distribution Channel Institutional Sales Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASCs) Specialty Clinics Retail Sales Hospital Pharmacies Retail Pharmacies Online Pharmacies Drug Stores

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The transfusion-dependent anemia treatment market is categorized based on treatment type, distribution channel and region. Based on treatment type, the transfusion-dependent anemia treatment is classified into three major treatment types including therapeutic drugs, gene therapy and allogeneic stem cell therapy. Among the transfusion-dependent anemia treatment drugs, immunomodulatory drugs are the most preferred transfusion-dependent anemia treatment drug type. This drug type segment is expected to expand at a substantial CAGR over the forecast years. Hospital pharmacies and retail pharmacies followed by hospitals is projected to register substantial revenue growth over the forecast period.

On the basis of geography, North America transfusion-dependent anemia treatment market will show highest market growth and is expected to dominate the global transfusion-dependent anemia treatment market in the forecast period owing to the growing prevalence of transfusion-dependent anemia in the region. Also, increasing health care spending coupled with availability of skilled healthcare professionals and availability of better treatments options is anticipated to boost the transfusion-dependent anemia treatment growth in this region. The transfusion-dependent anemia treatment market in South Asia and East Asia countries is expected to show a significant CAGR growth in the transfusion-dependent anemia treatment market owing larger patients pool. However, the market for transfusion-dependent anemia treatment in Latin America and the Middle East and Africa regions are estimated to register slow growth over the forecast period.

Some of the major key manufacturers involved in global Transfusion-dependent Anemia Treatment market are bluebird bio, Inc., Novartis AG, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Acceleron Pharma, Inc., Celgene Corporation and others.

The report covers exhaustive analysis on: Transfusion-dependent Anemia Treatment Market Segments Transfusion-dependent Anemia Treatment Market Dynamics Historical Actual Market Size, 2014 2018 Transfusion-dependent Anemia Treatment Market Size & Forecast 2019 to 2029 Transfusion-dependent Anemia Treatment Market Current Trends/Issues/Challenges Competition & Companies involved Transfusion-dependent Anemia Treatment Market Drivers and Restraints

Regional analysis includes North America Latin America Europe East Asia South Asia Oceania The Middle East & Africa

Report Highlights: Shifting Industry dynamics In-depth market segmentation Historical, current and projected industry size Recent industry trends Key Competition landscape Strategies of key players and product offerings Potential and niche segments/regions exhibiting promising growth A neutral perspective towards market performance

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Transfusion-dependent Anemia Treatment Market Size, Status and Growth Opportunities by 2025 - The Market Plan

Chemotherapy Drugs Market Strategies, Major Industry Participants, Marketing Channels and Forecast To2018 2028 – Commerce Gazette

Chemotherapy is the type of treatment medication mostly used to treat cancer. The aim of chemo is to stop or prevent the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy mostly affects the rapid growing cancerous cells. In chemotherapy, a chemical drug is used to stop the growth of cancer cells. There are different types of chemotherapy drugs. Some of the chemotherapy drugs widely used for adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemo are Adriamycin, Ellence, Taxol, Taxotere, Cytoxan, Paraplatin, Abraxane, Navelbine, Xeloda, Gemzar, Ixempra, Halaven. All these chemotherapy drugs work on different phases of cell cycle. In chemotherapy, drugs can be given as monotherapy or in combination therapy. Chemotherapy drugs have a lot of side effects. During chemotherapy drugs treatment, many healthy normal cells get affected. According to the American Cancer Society Cancer statistics report 2018, newly diagnosed cancer cases is estimated to be 1,735,350 and around 609,640 cancer deaths occur in the United States. Moreover, according to Cancer Research U.K., 17 million new cancer cases were estimated worldwide and 9.6 million cancer deaths were recorded in 2018 and are projected to increase at an incidence rate of 62% worldwide during the forecast period 2018-2040.

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Chemotherapy has both pros and cons. The global chemotherapy drugs have significant potential that will drive the market. After an early stage cancer surgery, most of the oncologist follow chemotherapy drugs treatment to prevent further multiplication of cancerous cells which as a result will boost the chemotherapy drugs market. Apart from this, chemotherapy drugs have multiple benefits such as it helps to shrink the tumor cells, it reduces the growth of cancerous cells thereby increasing the life span of a person which as a result will increase the growth of chemotherapy drugs market. Development of treatment-related side effects is one of the significant disadvantages which may restrain the growth of chemotherapy drugs. Chemotherapy treatment is a time-consuming and lengthy process. Henceforth the chemotherapy drugs market may face challenges in the coming years as a new alternative has been developed such as immunotherapy, gene therapy and also high treatment cost may adversely affect the chemotherapy drugs market. Immunotherapy has become the area of interest in the treatment of cancer as it enhances the immune system to fight against the cancerous cells and also patients have minimal side effects unlike conventional therapies like chemotherapy or radiation. All these alternatives may suppress the growth of overall chemotherapy drugs market.

The global chemotherapy drugs market is segmented on the basis of types, route of administration and distributional channel. Market Segmentation by types Alkylating Agents Antitumor Antibiotics Plant Alkaloids Antimetabolites Topoisomerase Inhibitors Miscellaneous Antineoplastic Market Segmentation by route of administration Intravenous Oral Intramuscular Subcutaneous Market Segmentation by end users Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers Clinics Others

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North America and Europe collectively hold the largest share in the chemotherapy drugs market due to advanced healthcare facilities which provide effective treatment options and also increase launch of new cancer drugs and its approval from FDA and EMA which as a result will increase the chemotherapy drugs market. The Asia Pacific also have the potential to increase the global chemotherapy drugs market due to the rising prevalence of cancer in this region and increasing government initiatives for public health policies is likely to drive the global chemotherapy drugs market. The Middle East and Africa are shown to have less potential in chemotherapy drugs market due to low budget in healthcare spending, inappropriate treatment facilities which overall may impact the overall chemotherapy drugs treatment.

Some of the key players leading in chemotherapy drugs market are Novartis AG, Amgen Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Company, Almatica Pharma, Inc., Celgene Corporation, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc., Pfizer Inc., AbbVie Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Exelixis, Inc, Servier Pharmaceuticals LLC, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Celltrion Inc., Genentech, Inc., Astellas Pharma US Inc., Loxo Oncology Inc., Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Puma Biotechnology, Inc., EMD Serono, Inc. Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tesaro, Inc., Clovis Oncology, Inc., and others.

The report covers exhaustive analysis on: Chemotherapy drugs Market Segments Chemotherapy drugs Market Dynamics Historical Actual Market Size, 2013 2017 Chemotherapy drugs Market Size & Forecast 2018 to 2028 Chemotherapy drugs Current Trends/Issues/Challenges Competition & Companies involved Chemotherapy drugs Market Drivers and Restraints

Regional analysis includes North America Latin America Europe Asia Pacific Middle East & Africa

Report Highlights: Shifting Industry dynamics In-depth market segmentation Historical, current and projected industry size Recent industry trends Key Competition landscape Strategies for key players and product offerings Potential and niche segments/regions exhibiting promising growth A neutral perspective towards market performance

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Chemotherapy Drugs Market Strategies, Major Industry Participants, Marketing Channels and Forecast To2018 2028 - Commerce Gazette